The difficulty off Trafficking
Trafficking showed up into the political plan after pressure off feminists and the fresh federal women’s policy company. To begin with, female was trafficked off The southern area of China (notably Thailand in addition to Philippines), Latin The usa (Columbia additionally the escorts in Carinthia Dominican Republic and you will Africa (Ghana); after the slip of your Berlin Wall, trade paths managed to move on to help you Central and you may Eastern European countries. Governmental requires have been defining the fresh new offence far more broadly to help you assists prosecution and you will increasing the punishment out of five to six decades, to make sure that culprits might be held for the remand infant custody. The latest blogs on penal password on the person trafficking was in fact changed from inside the 1993, with a specific concept of the latest offense and better penalties to own traffickers (Outshoorn 2004a: 195). The new blogs was indeed framed in the a good gender-natural ways, and you can trafficking remained defined as forcing men to the prostitution.
In the parliamentary debates on trafficking around that period, foreign women were portrayed as victims of unscrupulous traffickers tricked into prostitution. This framing was tied into a discourse about the divide between the rich and poor countries: female prostitutes from the ‘Third World’ were driven by poverty. Gradually, a more insidious edge crept into this discourse when Christian Democrats in parliament linked trafficking to illegal migration, opening a space for ‘false’ victims, who used the loopholes in the law to work illegally as a prostitute in the Netherlands (HTK, 1991–1992, TK 81, pp. 4994, 4995, e time they also started to argue that all women from non-EU countries working in the sex industry were victims of forced prostitution. Therefore in their view, the best remedy to stop trafficking was to prevent non-EU women from working in the Dutch sex industry in the first place. This reasoning eradicated the figure of a woman migrant deciding to work as a sex worker in the West and who might make use of intermediaries to enter the country-with her consent. But then she was ‘illegal’ and ought to be deported.
Successive cabinets continued to refuse work permits on similar grounds, also arguing there was no national interest at stake which normally justifies extending work permits to non-EU persons. They were backed by a recurring majority in parliament; the parliamentary records show many references to the fear of foreign prostitutes entering the country which would subvert immigration policies. The fear resurfaced in the memorandum to the bill to lift the brothel ban, as one of the aims of the bill was to halt ‘the stream of foreign prostitutes’ (HTK 1996–97, 25437 (Opheffing Algemeen Bordeelverbod), no. 3 (Memorie van Toelichting), 1 July 1997, p. 13). The refusal to grant work permits was also generally justified by the aim of stopping the trafficking of women; permits would encourage traffickers to transport women into the country.
Categories of Sex Workers
Then utilization of the latest act contributed to the building from zero less than four types of prostitutes. Firstly, there is the ethnically vague Dutch sex personnel which voluntarily decides be effective from inside the prostitution which is the latest holder off civil and you may social liberties. Furthermore, you can find the prostitutes off their European union places who can circulate freely in and out of your own Netherlands and you can are employed in the brand new sex community. This category divided into several categories following accession into the European union of one’s Baltic States, Poland, Hungary, the brand new Czech Republic and you can Slovakia from inside the 2004, and make a third group who is only able to legitimately become prostitutes whenever they was indeed separate sex workers rather than professionals. For the 2007, sex pros in the the Eu participants have been acknowledged to the a keen equivalent footing towards elderly European union affiliate experts, however the 3rd class are today filled up with sex pros out-of Bulgaria and you will Romania when both nations joined the fresh Eu in that same year. Just like their predecessors, this type of women can be allowed to behave as separate sex professionals, however, at this point never as employees.
Arabic 
English