82 OECD Members of the family Data Feet, chart PF3.2.B. Contribution rates at the beginning of teens education and you can proper care by the earnings, 0 in order to 2 12 months-olds (OECD estimates, considering Eu-SILC data).
84 Key studies towards very early youth education and care within the Europe – 2019 model. Western european Fee/EACEA/Eurydice. Architectural evidence for overseeing education and you may degree assistance during the Europe – 2019 and 2020.
86 Look for much more information when you look at the Trick investigation on early childhood degree and you can care inside the European countries – 2019 release. Eu Payment/EACEA/Eurydice, pp. 54-62.
87 Underachievers when you look at the PISA are those children who fail to arrived at ability Height 2, we.age. the minimum level had a need to take part efficiently for the neighborhood.
89 OECD represent understanding literacy, the new key subject for PISA 2018, as the ‘expertise, having fun with, evaluating, reflecting with the and you may enjoyable which have messages to experience your specifications, to grow a person’s training and prospective, and to take part in society’. OECD, PISA 2018 Performance (Volume We) – Just what Students Learn and can Would, 2019, p. fifteen.
91 The results of your own PISA examination try estimates, since they are centered on examples of college students, in lieu of on the complete student inhabitants, and on a limited band of comparison work in the place of all it is possible to of them. An imagined difference in two quotes predicated on products is known as ‘mathematically significant’ in case it is likely that a bona-fide change is present throughout the communities where the brand new trials is actually drawn.
94 Pansu, P. Max, S. Cole, P., Nezlek, J. B. and Huguet, P. (2016). An encumbrance to the boys: Proof of stereotype possibilities during the boys’ training efficiency. Record out of Fresh Public Psychology, 65, pp. 26-30. Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. Lopez-Agudo, L. Ropero-Garcia, Meters. (2018). Gender Variations in Adolescents’ Instructional Conclusion. More youthful, twenty six (3), pp. 250-270. Smith, anastasiadate unirse Meters. and you can Wilhelm, J. (2012). ‘Learning never enhance no Chevys’: Literacy throughout the existence away from younger men, Portsmouth: Boynton/Get ready. Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you can literacy: As to why Boys? Hence boys? As to why today? Report presented on Yearly Fulfilling of your own American Informative Look Relationship.
96 Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you may literacy: As to why Boys? Which boys? As to the reasons today? Papers displayed during the Annual Fulfilling of your own Western Academic Look Organization.
98 Genlott, A beneficial. A beneficial. Gronlund, An effective. (2016). Closing the fresh new gaps – Improving literacy and mathematics from the ICT-increased collaborationputers & Education, 99, pp. 68-80.
100 The fresh OECD tips the fresh new ESCS index taking into account numerous variables associated with pupils’ family history, namely: parents’ education, parents’ career, household assets, number of books and you will educational info available at family.
101 Emma Garcia, Elaine Weiss, ‘Knowledge inequalities on university doing entrance, Gaps, styles, and strategies to deal with them’, Economic Coverage Institute, ). Impacts and control towards the lower levels regarding attainment: a peek at books and you can plan efforts. Hub having Lookup towards the Broad Great things about Reading Look Report 30, London, DCSF.
Regner, We
103 The proportion off students with an effective migrant record may differ generally between Eu Member Says. To quit computations considering really small shot items, this report suggests performance just for Eu Representative States where portion of youngsters with an excellent migrant records was at the very least 5%.
Come across along with Eu Payment (2019)
104 The phrase people ‘born abroad’ and you will college students ‘native-born that have mothers born abroad’ employed in it report corresponds to exactly what the OECD defines correspondingly as ‘first-age group immigrant students’ and you will ‘second-age bracket immigrant students’.
106 According to PISA 2018, towns provides more than 100 000 society, if you’re rural portion provides less than step three 000 people.
108 The information and knowledge differentiating the use rates off medium-level students of the positioning of their degree exists only at the time of 2014, following the implementation of the fresh ISCED-2011 category off studies regarding Eu LFS.
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